Mid tone: produced at the relative middle of your voice range. No tone mark is used. (ma = ghost)
High-rising tone: begins high and rises sharply. (má = mother)
Low- falling tone: begins low and falls lower. (mà = but)
Low-rising tone: begins low, dips lower, then rises sharply. (mả = tomb)
High-broken tone: begins above middle, dips, then rises sharply. (mã = horse)
Low-broken tone: begins low then falls sharply. (mạ = rice seedling)
 
Vietnamese Alphabet

a   ă   â   b   c   d   đ   e   ê   g   h   i   k   l    m   n   o   ô   ơ   p   q   r    s   t   u   ư   v   x   y
Pronunciation

a- like a in part     
 
ă- like u in cup, cut    
 
â- like  (?)
 
b- like b
 
c,k- like k    
 
d- like z in zero    
 
đ- like d     
 
e- like e in lend     
 
ê- like ai in plain    
 
g- like g in gain    
 
h- like h in house    
 
i,y- like e in me    
 
l- like l in live     
 
m- like m     
 
n- like n    
 
o- like o in core     
 
ô- like oh     
 
ơ- like in nerd    
 
p- like p     
 
qu- like q    
 
r- like r in really    
 
s- like sh in she    
 
t- like t in total     
 
u- like oo in cool    
 
ư- like u in huh   
 
v- like v    
 
x- like s in so

Others

gi- as z in north or y in south         ng- like the -nga- in long ago        nh- like ni in opinion                      ph- like f    
tr- as ch in north and tr in south     th- like th in thanks        
ch- like ch in chew